The Fanal Forest on Madeira Island, Portugal
The Fanal Forest on Madeira Island, Portugal (© Val Thoermer/Alamy)
These laurels are hardy
Go back 15 million years and you'll find most of southern Europe looking like this fantasy forest: thick, scrubby underbrush canopied by wizened laurel trees. An epoch or two of human agricultural advances cleared those ancient woods, but patches persist on a few temperate Atlantic islands, especially here on Madeira, a Portuguese island off north-west Africa.
© Val Thoermer/Alamy